Influential Economic Views of Karl Marx Research Paper

Powerful Economic Views of Karl Marx - Research Paper Example Until recently, about portion of the world’s populace lived under specialists that guarantee to be Marxist. It shows that Marx’s works have been altered and his importance changed to fit an assortment of political condition. Moreover, the way that a large number of Marx compositions deferred distribution implies it is as of late that his scholarly height has been valued by researchers. Marx as a monetary scholar made the thought out of socialism which incorporated all individuals having all the property and framework. His speculations had a noteworthy impact in universal legislative issues particularly late twentieth century during the virus war. Marx his work is one of a kind as it questioning different masterminds as often as possible occurred through study. Thus he has been given in sociology first extraordinary utilization of basic technique. His endeavor to recognize key discoveries from belief system partialities by utilization of likening transcendentalism, theor etical way of thinking with philosophy. This has set him separated from present day scholars. Hypothesis of work esteem This hypothesis is the study of political economy to show how under capitalization functioning individuals are misused. It additionally shows how industrialist society works. This worth is key in comprehension of the private enterprise financial aspects since free enterprise creation of ware second to none. Also, hypothesis of work esteem basically clarifies what decides a ware esteem (World Socialist Movement 2012). As per Karl, the fundamental unit of the entrepreneur financial structure is the ware. Work hypothesis of significant worth by Marx was acquired from traditional school. He essentially utilized Ricardo’s hypothesis of significant worth which expresses that wares in... This paper offers complete investigation of the commitment of the prestigious social researcher, student of history, progressive and thinker Marx to the monetary part of knowledge.It is contended in the paper, that Marx work hypothesis of significant worth has an essential job in ethnical and ideological issues. He shows that property pay sources are frequently unmerited or exploitative livelihoods. This is cultivated by his presumption that surplus worth must be made by one ware which is work. Marx reliably kept up this situation through his investigation. Thusly, one can reason that the excess worth sole maker is capital. His hypothesis of work esteem is the study of political economy to show how under capitalization functioning individuals are misused. It likewise shows how industrialist society works. This worth is major in comprehension of the private enterprise financial matters since free enterprise creation of product second to none. Furthermore, hypothesis of work esteem basically clarifies what decides an item esteem . As indicated by Karl, the fundamental unit of the entrepreneur monetary structure is the ware. Work hypothesis of significant worth by Marx was acquired from old style school. He essentially utilized Ricardo’s hypothesis of significant worth which expresses that wares in their costs. He expressed that, wares should have certain quantifiable sums that ought to be basic in every one of them. Work is one of the primary concern in guaranteeing a steady economy. In this way, it ought to be paid attention to and misuse of laborers ought to be limited.

Comparing Mores Utopia and Our Modern Dystopia :: comparison compare contrast essays

Thomas More was conceived in London in 1478. He learned at Oxford where he took a significant love of traditional writing. In Utopia, More shows his own abilities in humanism. In this story, demonstrated after Plato's Republic, More looks at his way of life against a speculative culture he concocts. His Utopia fluctuates extraordinarily from the two his general public and our general public today. Four different ways Utopia varies from our general public are social framework, disposition towards gems, marriage customs, and religion.   In the first place, the individuals of More's Utopia have a mind boggling socialism contrasted with our cutting edge neo-extremist culture. In Utopia, the legislature possesses the business world. The administration powers men to work the land in two-year spells. In present day society, the legislature doesn't possess the economy however it controls the economy. The administration doesn't cause men to be ranchers however it tells ranchers the amount to develop. Moreover, it punishes the individuals who defy its order.   Second, Utopians treat valuable metals and gems profoundly not quite the same as current society. Today individuals decorate a wide range of adornments to enhance themselves or stand out to them. These valuable metals are brilliant calves to numerous individuals. Individuals today resemble the Anemolian represetatives, they swagger their fine gems since they are more glad than insightful, they choose, they choose to dress as marvelously as the very divine beings.   Third, the Utopian disposition towards cash varies from present day society. The Utopians profoundly prize virginity. The legislature restricts marriage forever the individuals who submit pre-marriage intercourse. However the level of individuals wedding without pre-marriage intercourse in our general public is minute. By and large, the couple has a long-standing sexual relationship.   Fourth, the religion of the Utopians is a lot of like present day religion with one significant special case. The strict convictions of the two social orders are pluralistic. Perfect world permits all religion aside from our most predominant religion: mainstream humanism (for example skepticism). A man, who accepts daze chance not divine provision, decides activities, is not exactly a man. In our way of life of neo-Darwinism and man is unadulterated issue, everything is by some coincidence.

The Arts and Crafts movement Essay Example

The Arts and Crafts development Essay Example The Arts and Crafts development Paper The Arts and Crafts development Paper In this paper I will depict the Arts and Crafts development and how it advanced. It started during a time of agitation inside Britain in the post-mechanical transformation times. The development served to bring fundamental artworks, which we take to be craftsman abilities today, to a degree of the expressive arts of painting. We acknowledge that artworks, for example, materials, pottery, metalwork, gems making and woodwork are huge regions of craftsmanship on a similar level as painting and model. This didn't happen anyway until the late nineteenth century when the Arts and Crafts development started. The significant effects on this development were the works of William Morris and John Ruskin. Not exclusively did this development do this superb thing for the craftsmanship world it additionally presented new subjects, for example, the investigation of the antiquated specialty of various civilisations, for example, Japanese, Islamic, and Celtic. The Arts and Crafts development started around the 1870s and 80s predominantly in England. It later sifted into Ireland, the United States and mainland Europe. It's anything but a development of specialists however of planners, gems producers, ceramicists and all in all experts. It was an endeavor to rejoin the craftsman and the specialist. At the time industrialisation was going all out and numerous family protests were being made in plants by machines. Workmanship had gotten to the phase where it was encountering the embellishing overabundances of the nineteenth century and works turned into a confuse of styles bringing about them being excessively ostentatious and vulgar1. The Arts and Crafts development can't be disengaged to one explicit style as it very well may be intriguing and valuable or simple and plain, in any case, there must be proof of hand craftsmanship2. The development served to raise the status of furniture, materials, metalwork and earthenware production from family unit things to show-stoppers. The period was one of extraordinary success and even complacency3. Craftsmen and journalists were progressively disappointed with the points and techniques for the craftsmanship that satisfied the public4. There was a quest for come back to straightforwardness, calm excellence and genuineness of construction5. Pundits of the time were discontent with the grotesqueness and imbalances of industrialisation6. Extent, effortlessness of structure, qualification for reason, trustworthiness to materials, the restoration of lost specialty methods and the upgrade of normal surfaces are altogether components which, added to hand-craftsmanship, consolidated to make the Arts and Crafts style7. The period had started to see things like seats being mass-delivered and all looking the equivalent in light of the fact that a machine had produced them with accuracy and to a given setting. There was no proof of independence contrasted with a craftsmen craftsmanship. The character accomplished by hand making an article is lost with no proof of slip-ups or defects in the item. The new development locked onto the perfect of a general public recovered by the qualities and abilities of craftsmanship8. The workshop was viewed as a more amicable compassionate spot than the manufacturing plants. With the development came a longing for oddity or the outlandish. This saw experts seeking new territories for motivation. These regions incorporated the way of life of the west, nations, for example, Japan. The works of John Ruskin and William Morris enormously impacted the development. Ruskin and Morris had trusted that the recovery of workmanship could be realized by an arrival to medieval conditions9. William Morris (1834 96) was an English expert, painter, writer, and communist. He was instructed at oxford10. He was a disciple to a designer and in his extra time he composed, displayed dirt, etched wood and stone, lit up original copies, and embroidered11. In 1861 he set up an organization called Morris and Co. furthermore, they delivered backdrop, materials, recolored glass, woven artworks, and furniture12. He likewise concentrated under John Ruskin; a workmanship history specialist who accepted that genuine craftsmanship was articulation of keeps an eye on joy in his work and maintained the medieval period as an ideal13. He additionally accepted that the quintessence of a human is to deliver and be imaginative in their work and to evacuate one serves to debilitate the other. It was from Ruskin that Morris developed the greater part of his perspectives. Morris caught the premise of Ruskins sees when he said that the specialty of any age should of need be the outflow of its public activity, and that the public activity of the medieval times permitted the worker opportunity of individual articulation, which then again our public activity prohibits him. 14 That is, the ascent in industrialisation had forestalled the outflow of the specialist to be a piece of the piece being made. This happened in light of the fact that all human cooperation with the article had been prohibited from the procedure.

The New Fuss About General College Essay Samples

The New Fuss About General College Essay Samples Your solution shouldn't be a book report. Before you write your essay or participate in a college interview, you'd be prudent to determine your own response to the question. Because the essay is a little too dry at this time, some extra voice would really provide the essay a boost. To discover what should be finished, you ought to take a look at an excellent deal of other essay examples. The type of essay you're looking for will be provided to you within the deadline provided to you. Sit down, consider the story that you want to write. The ideal thing about us is that each time you can buy original essay papers for sale. Custom writing means a critical company with high standards. Show how you fit in the campus culture and how you are going to affect the community through specific examples. Stephen connects his previous experience to his present-day maturity through self-knowledge. Colleges want a feeling of maturity and introspectionpinpoint the transformation and demonstrate your private growth. If you would like to create a college essay which works, you will need to provide importance on the content you will offer the admissions officer of your intended university with. Just because you've already written a college essay for a single university doe sn't mean that it may also apply on your next applications. Developing a good college essay may lose its purpose in the event the content of what you've written is not what the university is asking for. Writing the college application essay can be among the most daunting elements of applying to college. The essay for Florida state university isn't required, but it's highly suggested. Colleges are more inclined to admit students who can articulate certain explanations for why the school is an excellent fit about them beyond its reputation or ranking on any list. In addition to its growing cultural and ethnic diversity, State University is turning into a master at developing a niche for every single student. Thus, it is not just the perfect place for me, it is the only place for me. The Hidden Facts on General College Essay Samples One of the most difficult features of college life is finances. So should you need to employ college essay writer online, we're just the people that you will need to contact. Picking a career path is just one of the most daunting decisions you will make in your whole life. You've so many options here that you may discover the essay prompt daunting. You are going to receive unique texts, which will be finished in time. Essays are an essential compo nent in the college application procedure. Our writers always create unique content that's absolutely free from all grammatical error. While it's true that there are a few excellent writers in college some find it extremely challenging to write. There's great news and bad news in regards to college essays. You may easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. Now you can get genuine college essay online, one that is going to fit your financial plan and get your work done also. General College Essay Samples - Is it a Scam? Because you are interested in getting the essay to communicate the ideal information about you, you should do thorough preparation for the sample college admission essays to accomplish its purposes. All you have to do is specify if you want your essay to be delivered. Your college essay should contain information that are related to the instruction offered to you. Writing your own personal essay for admission in to college can be very tough. Scholarship Essay Examples are supplied for insight on how best to write a scholarship essay. Following your nomination, you're required to forward an essay. Stephen's essay is quite effective. Writing a college admission essay can be quite tough. Choosing General College Essay Samples Thus, the essay is supposed to coincide with the applicant's qualities and interests in order for it to boost the probabilities of admission. It's very useful to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. In the majority of instances, the prompt is quite elaborate and open to interpretation. Therefore, if you're comfortable sharing personal particulars about your life that will assist an admissions.

Political And Social Criticism In 1984 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2398 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: 1984 Essay Did you like this example? There must be something in books, something we cant imagine, to make a woman stay in a burning house; there must be something there. According to Ray Bradbury, You dont stay for nothing. It is curious to think that a single work of art, a single poem, and a single book can radically change the minds of the populace as a whole and yet it has been a recurring theme throughout history. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Political And Social Criticism In 1984" essay for you Create order As a major source of political and social criticism, books have been implemented in criticism of political machines, social injuctices, the greedy and selfish side of human nature that works toward assuming total control. As sometimes a blunt and rude awakening, dystopian novels illustrate, often in exaggerated ways, a fictional reality that disturbingly mimics what has occurred or is occurring in reality and has the potential to prophesied the emergence many different types of societies along with the conflicts between the people and the government. One dystopian writer who was influenced to write a novel criticising the totalitarian regimes of his time, such as Natzi Germani under Hitler and the Soviet Union under Stalin, was the left-wing writer George Orwell. In one of his lesser praised books,1984, argued by critics as being a very underdeveloped story lacking interesting plot points and containing a harshly pessimistic outlook on Londons society, George Orwell warns that a similar society to the socially oppressive, totalitarian society of Oceania could arise if social oppression in the forms of degradation of the self, political greed and extreme patriotism and oppression of the working class through enhancements in technology and erasure of the past continue in his current society. Orwell is well recognized for his inclusion of political and social criticism within his novels and essays. He used real world politics to be able to effectively depict and prophesize human greed for power and need to control people in totality through unquestioning loyalty. The critic Morris Dickstein comments that: Orwells appeal to posterity brings to mind poems like Whitmans Crossing Brooklyn Ferry or Brechts An die Nachgeborenen (To Posterity), which begins, Truly, I live in the dark ages, and ends with an appeal for understanding: Think back on us / With kindness. Winston scribbles in his diary, as Orwell writes the novel, for the future, for the unborn, though he wonders if such communication is really possible, especially under a system that claims it can wipe out any trace of him. (105). It is interesting to note that Orwell, with his lifetime numbered with a severe illness that took hold around the time of his writing 1984, rushed to get his message out to his future audience, in an effort to provide critical insight about political idealisms, such as communism and totalitarianism(Dickstein). Similarly, although he does not know how his message will be sent or received, Winston seems to want to relay a message for the future generation as a warning sign to be cautious with the seemingly desolate direction of total control that is Oceania. His desire is to make sure that his truth is spoken so that the future generation may know and understand the horrible conditions Winston lived in and aspire to change the negligent and oppressive lifestyle the government is forcing their own people to lead. Moreover Dickstein comments that Nineteen Eighty-Four has several minor characters who also serve as emblems of Orwells argument, including Syme, the ideological zealot, and Pa rsons, the slovenly, stupid true believer who is turned in by his own children(104). The unbridled patriotism that the people of Oceania exude, unsurprisingly, backfires when extreme amounts of surveillance come into play. The patriots ignorance and the belief that unquestioning loyalty has the ability to protect the self from perceived unlawfulness are products of the governments want to assume control. Not only is this exaggerated form of patriotism needlessly present in the adults it is also disproportionately apparent in the younger generation because the propaganda in favor of the government was all the children ever even knew. The adults may have grown up in a time where Oceania had not formed yet and so may be less influenced by the propaganda but because the children were born when this government was fully fledged, they are able to be molded in such a way that makes them turn against their own kin for the benefit of the government. As illustrated by the main character Winston, the two minutes Hate was a prime example of this extreme form of patriotism in whi ch: The most horrible thing about the Two Minutes Hate was not that one was obliged to act a part, but it was impossible to avoid joining inA hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledge hammer seemed to flow through the whole group of people like an electric current, turning one even against ones own will into a grimacing, screaming lunatichis secret loathing of Big Brother changed into adoration, and big brother seemed to tower up, an invincible, fearless protector, standing like a rock against the hordes of Asia, and Goldstein, in spite of his isolation(Orwell 15). In his dystopian world, technology,specifically the telescreen, is used as a method for surveilling the populace to keep the people in a state of terror for their livelihood, specifically the telescreen, which is able to receive and transmit any sounds above a whisper to the thought police. This essentially gives rise to the effect of people believing that their every actions and thoughts can and will be heard and if anything goes against the belief system that the Party offers, the consequences are severe, in the form of torture and death. As an effect this causes the to be docile and unquestioning complacency of the populace. As the critic John David Frodsham pointed out how the system of surveillance to beget loyalty in 1984 mimics reality. As one observer commented, as late as 1975: China is an immense bar racks living in a permanent state of terror and fear. The Maoist way of life is based on surveillance of the citizenry. Several houses make up a cell whose members are required to report their thoughts and actions to each other. . . The individual has no right to personal life. . . where he goes, what he talks about, what he eats, what he reads, what he listens to on the radio, all this is immediately learned by those around him and reported to the neighborhood revolutionary committee !Thanks to the bao-jia (mutual surveillance) system, Maos China did not need the telescreen. Thought-control had been achieved without elaborate technology (144). With effectively little to no privacy, the government of Oceania, as well as China in the Maoist way of life, have efficiently stripped the populace of their identities and amassed control through surveillance (Frodsham). Likewise the fear factor in 1984 of being reported by someone or overheard by the Thought Police allows Oceanas government to effectively assume control. To the people of Oceania the thought of being taken away to never be seen or heard of again and to have their entire life uprooted has effectively made the masses complacent and docile enough to not utter a single word against the government and to foolishly believe the propaganda that is being spread to further elicit complacency. Frodsham continues to explain that For Orwell, Nature was essentially good and technology essentially evil. Technology in 1984 is used to enslave men, not liberate them(142). It is interesting to note that many technologies are in current use that help the government surveil and keep their people in line so utter chaos does not ensue. However, the extent of which the novel uses technologies such as the speakwrite and telescreen as a form of control is quite literally frightening as one misspoken word or action could get one killed. The extreme misuse technology in the novel is, quite literally, evil in the sense that, technology is innovative and meant to help one live a more comfortable life, but is rather used to constrain people into a very limited form of living where fear prevails and peace of mind does not. In the novel, OBrien explains that:The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power. Not wealth or luxury or long life or happiness: only power, pure power. (1984, 175). The power that OBrien is illustrating is in and of itself desolate. It is a power that provides for no security or peace of mind for the people as a whole but rather illustrates the burning desire of the few who are in power to gain more and more power, of course without second thought of the consequences and without second thought for the wellbeing of the people. The greed that is illustrated in O Briens explanation as claimed by critic H. Mark Roelofs, stems from the knowledge that, power of this order cannot be possessed by a single individual except in and for the perpetuation of myth, to wit, the myth of Big Brother. In fact, toted power can be possessed only by a class, or a party representing a class(23). In essence, having power of that extent possibly be held in the hands of one individual. However brainwashing the population into believing that there exists someone in the right who is all seeing and all controlling, Big Brother, and symbolically having someone who is trying to overthrow this myth of Big Brother who is in the wrong, as demonstrated by the enemy of Oceania, Emmanuel Goldstein, essentially makes the people ideologically complacent to the control of Oceanias Party. As further explained by the critic Roelofs, In consequence, their power could be taken to the ultimate pitch total power is more like an absolute perversion of love(23). As a result of the Partys lust for power and greed combined with an overall lack of concern over the well being of the population as a whole, people like Obrien, who find those going against the societal norms to completely and utterly destroy the thi nking, conscious and rational mind, essentially the self, allow for a almost mindless and unquestioning loyalty to the Party to be instigated. Furthermore, in the novel Obrien exclaims If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face forever (178). Essentially, the Party has created a government without freedom, a grim reality that is substantially hopeless for the populace. There seems to be an overall lack of compassion, gratitude, and true criticism of the power hungry government that stems from rational thought based on the idea that government is meant to protect the wellbeing of the people. Roelofs claims that, It must always be noted that party members love (i.e., merge themselves with) the Party, and that the populace and Winston Smith in particular- must love Big Brother (23). Because the people have been conditioned to such an extent to believe that they must love Big Brother, they know only how to believe the lies the government is feeding them with a spoon and lack the ability to criticise and provide for intelligent debate that may help improve the well being of the people. Likewise the extreme forms of surveillance make this task quite difficult since so few are willing to stand up for better humane treatment at the expense of their lives. The self is a concept that is constantly being sought after, along with individuality and uniqueness. However, due to the inhumanity and cruelty illustrated throughout the book, the self along with individuality is not something that is considered or even widely sought after. According to the critic Irving Howe, Orwell is trying to present the kind of world in which individuality has become obsolete and personality a crime..and Orwell has imagined a world in which the self, whatever subterranean existence it manages to eke out, is no longer a significant value, not even a value to be violated (195). The very idea of having an identity, within the dystopian society that orwell has created, is seen as being blasphemous. The people are often depicted as robots, doing what the masses do, never stepping out of line for fear of severe judgement, and never once thinking or speaking their minds because they have been conditioned to not think. Therefore because the people are so far gone under the control of the government , none can ever have an original opinion or thought, none can critique, and none can ever be able to contemplate what it is to be human, to have an identity and a sense of self. The horrifying illustration of the older generation not being able to teach the younger generation how to think analytically and always question and have intelligent conversations comes into play through the portrayal of mindlessness throughout the novel. 1984 demonstrates the horrific society in which politics has overridden a persons ability to express themselves freely without fear of reprimands along with society and how it functions as a whole and Howe describes the novel as a profoundly anti-political book, full of hatred for the kind of world in which public claims destroy the possibilities for privacy (196). It should be noted that Orwells intention of the messages in the book are not anti-political in nature but are rather anti- totalitarian in which the entire state is required to have total subservience to a centralized and dictatorial authority. This is shown illustrated to the many instances of a lack of privacy and surveillance taken to extreme levels to garner complete and utter conformity of the people the government serves along with the utter lack of care of the government towards the people they are meant to serve and protect. To further demonstrate the illusion of good living conditions and security, the government has workers such as the main character, Winston, erasing and rewriting history and facts to prevent truth from reaching the public and to spread lies. As illuminated by R. B Reeves: inhabitants of this world (of crowded apartment houses that reek of boiled cabbage, of foul smelling Victory Gin, of Victory Cigarettes that fall apart) cannot know how truly bleak their lives are since they have no means of comparison. All knowledge of the past has been altered; so there is no way of discovering whether life had been better previously(14).

Essay Critique of a Nursing Theory - 1746 Words

Critique of a Nursing Theory April 30, 2010 Critique of a Nursing Theory This is a critique of Myra Estrin Levine’s conservation principles model. I will be discussing the meaning of the theory of the four principles; conservation of energy, conservation of structural integrity, conservation of personal integrity, and conservation of social integrity. I will be using the criterion-based model (C-BaC) as a focus of the positive aspects of the theory, as outlined by Johnson Webber (Johnson Webber, 2010, p. 192-214). I will discuss the intent and theory, the concepts and propositions, and the usefulness in nursing practice. How a nurse is defined could be very influential for those who aspire to become a nurse, and even for†¦show more content†¦Although I do not define optimal patient health as Levine would, I do believe that the boundaries of today’s health disciplines and Levine’s theory ultimately have the same patient goal; patient wholeness. The meaning of Levine’s conservation theory i s defined differently in all the secondary sources used. There are no words used that are misunderstood. I would not constitute any of the definitions read as jargon, slang or unnecessary and meaningless writing. The primary source, Levine’s definition of â€Å"Conservation of Social Integrity is to recognize the individual as one who strives for recognition, respect, self awareness, selfhood and self determination† (Nursing Theories: A Companion to Nursing Theories and Models, 2010). Selfhood is one word that I am not familiar with and had to look up for confirmation of meaning. The meaning of selfhood is integrity; strive for selfhood would be to strive for individuality or for your own true identity. Concepts and Propositions Levine’s theories share four major concepts; person, environment, health, and nursing. A concept of person is one who is being holistic and striving to accomplish complete integrity, â€Å"someone who is future-oriented and past-aware† (â€Å"Myra Levine’s Conservation Theoryâ€Å", 2009). Each individual has an internal and external environment that completes their wholeness. TheShow MoreRelatedSummary and Critique of The Timelessness of Nursing Theory1302 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography of Two Nursing Articles Summary and critique of The timelessness of nursing theory by Sandra Schmidt Bunkers. This article by Bunkers examines the ways in which nursing theory as articulated by Florence Nightingale and supported by Rosemarie Parses theoretical modeling can be understood as being timeless and to what extent it should be considered as rooted in a particular historical moment and cultural context. 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Air polution Essay Example For Students

Air polution Essay Air pollution is nothing new. Ever since the discovery of fire, less-than-desirable substances have been vented into the air. One of the first air-pollution regulations dates back to the fourteenth century, when King Edward I banned the burning of sea coal in lime kilns. U.S. air-pollution regulations have their roots in British Common Law. But regardless of those efforts, air pollution continues to be a serious local and world-wide problem. Pollution is the pressure within the air of one or more substances that are harmful to human health, welfare, animal or plant life, or property. In the past with air pollution we included mainly the outdoor pollutants, although in recent years this is not the case. Today we separate pollutants in to two categories. Primary pollutants, because they come directly from various sources, and secondary which are by-products of chemical interactions of the primary pollutants within the atmosphere. Although air pollution might be thought of as unwanted g ases in the atmosphere, two of five primary pollutants are really solid substances called particulates. Soot has always been a sure indicator of a polluted atmosphere, but other than soiling and a negative psychological effect, soot cant settle into the lungs and cause serious diseases. Thick ,black smoke coming out of a stack is that what we think causes the pollution, but what really creates the damage is what we cant see. Particles like this are called suspended particles. They come from many incomplete burning and can consist a variety of substances. The most harmful type of particulate is so small that that it is microscopic. All the particulates are harmful for several reasons. When inhaled, they can damage the interior of the lung; they can also be poisonous. Sometimes gases will glue to their surfaces and in a process called adsorption they can reach the lungs. All these particles are mainly products of combustion. The major sources include industrial processes, power plants that are both coal and oil-fired, residential heating, and transportation. But coal burning is the greatest source. Table 1 below shows estimates of U.S. particulate emissions from various sources. National U.S. Emissions Estimates-1990 SOURCE PARTICULATES SULFUR OXIDES CARBON MONOXIDES Only 13% of the total is generated by transportation. Industrial sources account for nearly three times as much as 37%. Fires account for just about as much particulate emissions as transportation. That amount is matched by combustion from sources, which include the generation of all heat and electricity. When coal was the main source to generate energy, power plants and homes accounted for much greater contribution. The switch to oil and nuclear power has lowered those concentrations, but it hasnt been without its own problems. In addition to health-related problems, particles can damage materials through corrosion and erosion, as well as soiling. Particles can also impact the weather, through chan ges in visibility, and even in enhancing precipitation. Studies around major urban areas show an increase in precipitation and in thunderstorms with hail downwind from downtown areas. The weather modification is localizes but definite, and may be related to an increase in the large condensation nuclei that the particles provide. Lead particulates are brutal primary pollutant. Their presence in the atmosphere has diminished sharply during the past 29 years. Since 1975, the concentration of lead has decreased by more than 90%, which can be directly linked to the elimination of lead from gasoline. The following table shows that huge drop. Another primary group of pollutants consists of the surfur oxides(Sox), and the major contributor is SO2, a sulfur dioxide. This is generated whenever sulfur is burned, most often where fuel with a high sulfur content is used. Coal can have very high sulfur concentrations, as can some oil. Overall, coal and oil are the major sources for sulfur oxide p ollution. The vast majority of this type of air pollution comes from generation of heat and electricity. These stationary sources account about 80% of all sulfur oxides. Transportations contribution is minor, about 5%. The rest comes from industry. Sulfur dioxides cause damage to vegetation and material. Plants lose their chlorophyll which is the plants food factory. But the most damage appears when sulfur oxides combine with other substances. Because of its solubility, sulfur dioxide becomes a major contributor to acid deposition. Leaves are bleached and show damage. Tree growth is stunted and vegetation dies. Damage to vegetation occurs at concentrations lower than what is harmful to people. Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless , tasteless,non-corrosive, highly poisonous gas of about the same density as that of air. It is very flammable, burns in air with bright blue flame. Its melting point is at-205.0 C and boiling point is at -191.5 C. There is no way to know if it is around, except we may no feel so well. When a fire burns in an enclosed space, oxygen is gradually depleted and carbon dioxide is increased. The changes in both of the these gases increasingly cause the combustion process to change from one of complete combustion to one of incomplete combustion, resulting in the release of increasing amounts of CO. Thus, even a perfectly designed and adjusted furnace or water heater (or any kind of combustion device) will eventually begin producing toxic/lethal amounts of CO if it operates in a closed space and/or where insufficient fresh air is available. Table three lists some of the effects of CO to humans. CO concentration in Parts Per Million or as as percentage of air % of CO in air Inhalation time and toxic symptoms developed 0.0009% Maximum allowable concentration short term in living area 0.0025% Maximum exposure TWA (Time Weighted Average) in the workplace. 0.005% Maximum exposure allowed (OSHA) in the workplace. 0.02% Mild headache, fatigue, nau sea and dizziness. 0.04% Serious headache other symptoms intensify. Life threatening after 3 hours. 0.08% Dizziness, nausea and convulsions Dead within 2 to 3 hours 0.16% Headache, dizziness and nausea. Death within 1 2 hours. 0.32% Headache, dizziness and nausea. Death within 1 hour. 0.64% Headache, dizziness and nausea. Death within 25 30 minutes. The early air pollution laws were passed within small communities and concerned the color and density of the smoke that comes out from the stacks. They first appeared in Chicago and Cincinnati and later on began to show up also in other communities. A special chart determined the level of smoke. The chart showed smoke with different shades of gray and black. At a particular level violations would be set. No national air pollution legislation appeared until the 50s. The first federal legislation appeared in 1955 when the Air Pollution Control Act was passed. In 1965 the Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Act was passed, establishing national automobile emission regulations for the first time. Then the Air Quality Act of 1967 was passed, providing funds for additional federal research and designating air quality control regions to help establish air pollution criteria. Another goal of this act was to research the cost -effectiveness relation of available engineering control techniques. Later, during the 70s National Air Quality Standards were set for the major pollutants. Primary standards were set for health, with secondary standards for vegetation and general environmental welfare. Penalties as high as $25.000 per day and a year in prison were authorized for industries that failed to meet the regulations. Automobiles emission standards were set. Additional adjustments to the 70s regulation came along in 1990. Each revised some of the older regulations. Some of which proved to be very strict and unattainable. Overall each new version strengthened and broadened the previous version. The most direct method of pollution co ntrol involves changing the fuel. High sulfur coal was responsible for the greatest smog outbreaks of the early twentieth century. Sulfur oxides and particulates reached dangerous levels in many areas, especially in industrial areas. During the 1960s and 1970s a switch to low sulfur oil, natural gas and nuclear power brought the levels of that kind of smog down to relatively low concentrations. Although complex control devices are available, the fuel switch in power plants accounts for most of the improvement. Of course change can introduce new problems. Natural gas combustion can increase the levels of nitrogen oxides, and nuclear power leads to new problems. Although we know that changing the fuel is not going to stop air pollution, but only reduce it, we are trying to find substitutes which will result to higher efficiency with lower emissions. Particles come in assorted sizes and shapes, and a number of control systems have been designed for removing them from the stream of gase s that go up the smokestack. The type of device depends on the type of particle and size. Soluble particles can be drained out of an effluent by washing with scrubbers. Sometimes, the particles will simply settle out before being emitted, in what are called settling chambers. Sometimes the gas is pushed through filters of cloth collectors. Other devices are even more sophisticated. The gas might be whipped around in a circular path, so that centrifugal force separates the particles. Those devices are called centrifugal separators. An other type of device is the electrostatic precipitators. This device delivers an electrical charge to the particles. An opposite charge is placed on a metal plate, and, because opposites attract, the particles will collect on the plate. Then the plate is cleaned off. Of course all these devices remove the particles, but once the particles have been removed the problem becomes how to dispose of the sludge. The toxicity of the material and its impact on t he environment become new considerations. One of the greatest polluters on Earth is the automobile. Volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxides are the major pollutants that come out of a cars exhaust. If the air-fuel mix is lean, there is a good deal of air and less fuel. The combustion temperature will be relatively high, which will favor the complete burning of the gases, and hydrocarbons will convert to water vapor and carbon dioxides. However if the mixture is not so lean, but richer with more fuel the temperature will be lower. Instead of completely burning the hydrocarbons with the oxygen, you end up with unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide. So the conclusion here should be to have a very lean mix of air and fuel. The problem with that is the high temperature of efficient combustion. The oxygen and nitrogen in the air combine, resulting in a lot of nitrogen oxides. You may reduce the carbon-monoxide pollution in having a tr ansformation to carbon dioxide, but on the other hand, you re going to end up with more nitrogen oxides. Any hydrocarbons that dont burn can now combine with nitrogen oxides under strong sunlight to deliver photochemical smog. That is one of the major dilemmas of the internal combustion engine. There are control devices that can eliminate some of the pollutants from the internal combustion engine, most notably the catalytic converter. It raises the temperature of gases that will be exhausted, so there will be further burning of the hydrocarbons. As a result we end with more water vapor and carbon monoxide. Once exposure levels have been set, steps can be undertaken to reduce exposure to air pollution. These can be accomplished by regulation of man-made pollution through legislation. Many countries have set controls on pollution emissions for transportation vehicles and industry. This is usually done to through a variety of coordinating agencies which monitor the air and the environm ent. A significant problem that has to deal with all the changes is the cost. A company that has to install million dollar electrostatic precipitators may have a serious economic problem with pollution control But in general, the overall costs of not controlling air pollution are far greater that the collective costs of pollution control. The problem of course is the concentration of costs within specific industries. Creative techniques of distributing that cost could go a very long way in maintaining our standard of living while having good and healthy air to breath. Only through the efforts of scientists, business leaders, legislators, and individuals can we reduce the amount of air pollution on the planet. This challenge must be met by all of us in order to assure that a healthy environment will exist for us. In our businesses, communities and as individuals, we can make meaningful reductions of air pollutants and gases. In many cases, one action will reduce both air pollutant an d gas emissions. Home energy improvements, ride-sharing, alternative transportation, and tree planting programs are just some of the community-based solutions to reducing air pollutant and gas emissions. A typical automobile will emit more than 40% of its own weight in common air pollutants in one year, and four times its weight in greenhouse gases. So for those necessary trips by car, make sure that it is a well-tuned, energy-efficient model! Also, avoid idling our engines, as restarting an engine uses less fuel than ten seconds of idling. Other actions we can take at home and at work include: Turn off energy-using equipment (lights, computers, or any machinery) when it is not in use. Make your home more energy efficient through improved insulation, caulking and weather-stripping. Recycle, since it takes much less energy to create a new product using recycled materials than using raw materials. Compost kitchen scraps and yard waste, because organic waste in landfills creates gases that contribute to climate change. Plant trees around our home. Its a natural way to insulate, and trees help clean the air and slow climate change. Marilyn Monroe Essay Bibliography:

Reading Books Is Better Than Watching Tv free essay sample

Reading books is better than watching TV The appearance of book is thousands of years earlier than the invention of TV. And they didn’t disappear these years show they’re both valuable and they have their own advantages. However, I think reading books is better than watching TV in most ways. Firstly, reading books is alternative. Especially when you are studying on an exact subject, you can choose books which are exactly about your subject. That means you can get quite a lot of useful and exhaustive information easily in no time. Sometimes the internet can’t even do that. When you want to read a book for relaxing, you can choose the book which you’re interested in. Furthermore, if you have a book, you could read it again and again, until you fully understand or enjoy it. In addition, you can mark the important points you think to make it more logical or add some notes beside it to retain the inspiration the book brings to you. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Books Is Better Than Watching Tv or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, TV doesn’t enable you to do such meaningful things. You can’t choose what you watch. And once you find a piece of useful detail fortunately, if you don’t remember or understand it, there’s no second chance for you to watch it again. Secondly, books are easy to carry. You only need light and air, and books can be read anywhere. Reading books in trains, buses or any leisure time is always the best choice for both relaxing and during away time. Actually you get spiritual nutrition as well. Spiritual nutrition is as important as physical nutrition. If you don’t get spiritual nutrition, you’re only a body without a spirit. Your time is also easier to manage, since every second can be used to read books. No time will be waste any more. With the appearance of electrical books nowadays, the advantages of books are enlarging further. They are much lighter. Carrying a large amount of books is also a small case. And most importantly, they’re good for your eyes. What’s more, reading books can enrich our general knowledge and broaden our vocabulary. Books are a form of the beauty of words. Many new and fascinating words will be encountered you while you’re reading. Your writing skills will be improved unconsciously, and the same with the accumulation of knowledge. The more the read, the more intelligent you will be. Gorky said, books are the stepping stones to human progress. However, in most of the interesting TV programs, they use informal language. Besides, wherever you read a book, whenever you read a book, its contents won’t change with the time or place, just like I can read English books in China. So collecting books is not only a hobby, you’re building your own information bank at the same time. You can reread your favorite books at home or get reliable information quickly. And that’s also why every country, every city, every community, every school has a library. The power of books is inconceivable. I believe most people hate the advertisements on TV. Moreover, they always appear before or during the climax of a program. And attractive TV programs always broadcast a part of it every week. So if you, unfortunately, miss a part of it, it’s really a pity. Books treat us more fairly. There are no ads, no waiting, and you won’t miss any parts of it. Many people said the greatness of TV is that it has images and sounds. I agree with that. However, on the other hand, the images and sounds may also lock our opinion and imagination. Words always left us endless fancy. Every reader has their own character, just like there are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand peoples eyes. It’s quite wonderful, isn’t it? In conclusion, books are perfectly suitable for both study and entertainment since it has selectivity, portability , stability, literariness and renewability. And they’re also the shortcomings of TV. So reading books is better than watching TV in most ways, and that’s why books’ status is unfailing in human civilisation. Enjoy swimming in the ocean of books from now on!

buy custom Diet essay

buy custom Diet essay 1)Eating Plan G is the healthier for a school-going child. This plan has vegetables like green beans, fruits (dates, raisins, apple, and strawberry), and cereals full of healthy proteins (kidney beans). Asparagus spears have many calories and serves as a carbohydrate. 2)I chose plan G because a snack should be full of fruits that will nourish the body with essential vitamins and kidney beans will provide sufficient proteins. A snack should have minimal or the least carbohydrates to avoid filling the stomach because a child must take lunch, a meal that is usually full of carbohydrates. 3)A typical child will be appealed with Eating Plan D because it has a lot of junk or commercial food full of unnecessary calories and is easily available. Cheddar cheese, crackers, granola bar, fat milk, coffee all have very little nutritional value to the body. 4)Some f the factors that influence the choice of food for a child is by peer pressure and lack of parental care or guidance. A child would like to eat what a friend or classmate is eating. If a classmate eats cake and glorifies its taste, then a child is going to look for the cake. Some parents have little time to guide and provide healthy food for their children. They do not have time for cooking or preparing a healthy snack, and they opt for commercial food that is easy to buy. 5)Eating Plan D is full of preservatives that would easily trigger allergies in a child. Fatty milk, granola bar, mustard (a known allergen), devils food cake which may contain eggs may trigger allergies in a vulnerable child. 6)Eating Plan G lacks carbohydrates. However, on a close look, carbohydrates make the main meals of the day, which is lunch. 7)Eating Plan G would be complemented with ttwo slices of rye bread. Another alternative is a cup of Corn Flakes and Milk. This will complement the nutritional value of the plan. 8)Eating Plan G would appeal more to an elderly person. This is because it is full of vegetables and fruits. 9)An elderly person will select Eating Plan G. An elderly person is more concerned with sustaining the nutrient requirements of his body than a young child. They are wise and are able to make decisions on the foods that can make their bodies healthy. 10)Alternative snack choices that will ensure an adequate amount of protein and carbohydrates for an elderly person. An elderly person needs snacks that are highly nutritious but easily digestible. The snack should have: 1 cup of Corn Flakes cereal, cup of 1% fat milk will ensure that the person gets enough carbohydrates and proteins respectively. Buy custom Diet essay

Performance enhancing drugs in sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Performance enhancing drugs in sports - Essay Example The use of anabolic steroids and other performance enhancing drugs has become an all too common occurrence in sports today at all levels, from high school to professional. These substances have the effect of enabling athletes to achieve somewhat superhuman levels of strength and endurance. The pressure on today’s athletes to perform and compete at very high levels is intense, and performance enhancing drugs are a very tempting way to easily push one’s natural performance capabilities to otherwise impossible levels. Unfortunately, they exact a tremendous toll on the athlete’s physical wellbeing, as well as on the integrity of the sport in which it is being utilized. The health ramifications of performance enhancing substances are staggering. They have the potential to wreak havoc on many of the systems in the human body; and have been known to lead to severe and irreversible physical damage to the body, and even death. The drugs constitute substantial risk to any athlete who chooses to utilize them. The peer pressure and other stress to perform in today’s sports environment nevertheless lead many to take that risk. Certainly, the short term potential rewards, often including fame and fortune, can be quite tempting. After all, those athletes in many professional sports who really perform at the top of their game are certain to eventually command unimaginable sums of money. The impact of performance enhancing drugs on the integrity of the game is also a major problem, as those who play clean and push their natural performance levels as far as possible still are often unable to compete with those utilizing these substances.

Sleep and Dreams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Sleep and Dreams - Essay Example In the earlier stages of human evolution, man needed sleep at night in order to protect him from predators and to conserve energy to find food and shelter during the day. (Huffman, 2008) Both these theories carry scientific weight. It may be that sleep initially developed as a way to conserve energy and protect humans from predators but with the passage of time evolved to allow for repair and restoration as well. (Huffman, 2008) As far as the biological basis of dreams is concerned the theory about it is called the activation-synthesis hypothesis and it claims that dreams are a by-product of random stimulation of the brain during REM (Random Eye Movement) sleep. It should be noted here that although most dreams occur during REM sleep, some occur during NREM sleep as well. Another theory about dreams is called the housekeeping theory and it claims that dreams help us sift and sort out our everyday experiences and thoughts. This theory helps explain why dreams are important for our psychological well being. (Huffman, 2008) Freud’s believed that dreams are â€Å"the royal road to the unconscious†. His theory about dreams states that dreams serve a purpose of wish fulfillment i.e. they serve to bring to surface the repressed and personally unacceptable desires of the human unconscious in the form of symbols. A gun may, for example, represent a penis etc. Freud believed that the human brain disguises forbidden thoughts as symbols and interpreting them correctly may lead to the cure of mental illnesses. His theory has however been criticized widely and little or no scientific evidence has been found in support. Even Freud once said about his beloved cigars that: â€Å"Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar†. (Huffman, 2008) Although Freud’s theory is not accepted in its current form by modern scientists, they have however, discovered that many of the aspects of dreaming Freud talked about in his theory were accurate. For example: Freud’s claim

Judson Dance Theater Essay Example for Free

Judson Dance Theater Essay Judson Dance Theater was an informal group of dancers who performed at the Judson Memorial Church, New York between 1962 and 1964. The group of artists that formed Judson Dance Theater is considered the founders of postmodern dance. Postmodern dance is a reaction to the compositional and presentation constraints of modern dance. It hailed the use of everyday movement as valid performance art and advocated novel methods of dance composition. Claiming that any movement was dance, and any person was a dancer (with or without training) early postmodern dance was more closely aligned with ideology of modernism rather than the architectural, literary and design movements of postmodernism. The theater grew out of a dance composition class taught by Robert Dunn, a musician who had studied with John Cage. The artists involved with Judson Dance Theater were avant garde experimentalists who rejected the confines of Modern dance practice and theory. The first Judson concert took place on July 6, 1962, with dance works presented by Steve Paxton, Fred Herko, David Gordon, Alex and Deborah Hay, Yvonne Rainer, Elaine Summers, William Davis, and Ruth Emerson. Developments in dance practice that can be traced back to the Judson Dance Theater include contact improvisation, dance improvisation, and dance for camera. Contact improvisation (CI) is a dance technique in which points of physical contact provide the starting point for exploration through movement improvisation. Contact Improvisation is a form of dance improvisation and is one of the best-known and most characteristic forms of postmodern dance. Contact improvisation can be practiced as concert or social dance form. In the social setting contact improvisation meetings are called jams in which participants can participate or watch as they choose. The name is perhaps derived from the jams of jazz musicians, who come together to spontaneously explore musical forms and ideas. Contact improvisation is often practiced in duet form but can also be performed in groups or as solo using physical objects (floor, walls, chair, etc. as the point of contact. As many teachers say in introductory classes, the floor is your first partner. Contact improvisation techniques can include weight transfer, weight sharing, counter balance, rolling, falling, suspension, and lifting. Dance improvisation is the creation of improvised movement and is sometimes associated with 20th century concert dance but is not exclusive to that genre. Video dance is the contemporary term for the genre of dance made for the camera. In video dance, movement is the primary expressive element in the work rather than dialogue (as in conventional narrative movies) or music (as in music videos). Other names for this form are screen dance, dance film, cinedance, and dance for camera. Development of improvised movement material is facilitated through a variety of creative explorations including body mapping through body mind centering, levels, shape and dynamics, sensory experiences through touch or contact improvisation, and perceptual schema. Because movement is a basic element in all time-based visual media forms, video dance is distinguished from other film genres by its emphasis on the craft and composition of movement in the work. Often this movement is recognizable as dance in which people are moving in stylized ways, however in some experimental and animated video dances the movement can be pedestrian and unstylized, or even the motion of animals and inanimate objects. Unlike most dance troupes, the members of the Judson Dance Theater were both trained dancers, as well as, untrained visual artists, musicians, poets, and even filmmakers. On July 6, 1962 the theater company gave its first performance, Concert of Dance #1, at the Judson Church. The dancers of Judson Dance Theater emphasized improvisation and reflected Cagean notions of chance and randomness on their first concert. A John Cage composition, Cartridge Music, was used for two different dances performed either simultaneously or overlapping each other. Ordinary actions such as walking or even standing still were often portrayed as a type of dance. The press release described the choreographics as Indeterminacy, rules specifying situations, improvisations and spontaneous determination. The evening for the first performance started with the projection of a film Overture which consisted of edited clips from a variety of sources. The dance critic for The New York Times referred to the film as a moving picture assemblage and noted The overture was, perhaps, the key to the success of the evening, for through its random juxtaposition of unrelated subjects children playing, trucks parked under the West Side Highway, Mr. (W. C. ) Fields, and so on the audience was quickly transported out of the everyday world where events are supposed to be governed by logic, even if they are not. Part of the success of the theater was due to the conscious effort of its artist to work collectively. As Judith Dunn, one dancer in the group wrote, no important decisions were made until everyone concerned and present agreed. This, along with the toleration of artists from a variety of disciplines, contributed to the groups feeling of unity and community. Two of the members of the Judson Theater are Yvonne Rainier and Elaine Summers. Yvonne Rainer is an American dancer, choreographer and filmmaker, whose work in these disciplines is frequently challenging and experimental. Rainer was one of the organizers of the Judson Dance Theater, a focal point for vanguard activity in the dance world throughout the 1960s, and she formed her own company for a brief time after the Judson performances ended. Rainer is noted for an approach to dance that treats the body more as the source of an infinite variety of movements than as the purveyor of emotion or drama. Many of the elements she employed—such as repetition, patterning, tasks, and games—later became standard features of modern dance. In her early dances, Rainer focused on sounds and movements, and often juxtaposed the two in arbitrary combinations. Somewhat inspired by the chance tactics favored by Cunningham, Rainer’s choreography was a combination of classical dance steps contrasted with everyday, pedestrian movement. She used a great deal of repetition, and employed narrative and verbal noises (including wails, grunts, mumbles and shrieks, etc. ) within the body of her dances. A turning point in Rainer’s choreography came in 1964, when, in an effort to strip movements of their expressive qualities, she turned to game structures to create works. All movement aimed to be direct, functional, and to avoid stylization. In so doing, she aimed to remove the drama from the dance movement, and to question the role of entertainment in dance. Throughout this stage of her choreography she worked towards movement becoming something of an object, to be examined without any psychological, social or formal motives. She opted for neutrality in her dances, presenting the objective presence of the human body and its movements, and refused to project a persona or create a narrative within her dances. In 1965, as a reaction to many of the previously stated feelings, Rainer created her No Manifesto, which was a strategy formulated to demystify dance. This exploration in reducing dance to the essentials climaxed with one of Rainer’s most famous pieces, Trio A (1966), initially part of a larger work entitled The Mind Is a Muscle. Something of a paradigmatic statement that questioned the aesthetic goals of postmodern dance, Trio A was a short dance that consisted of one long phrase. In Trio A, Rainer intended to remove objects from the dance while simultaneously retaining a workmanlike approach of task-based performance. Not simple but certainly not fancy, it was a demanding piece of work, both to watch and to perform. She explored such dynamics as repetition, the distribution of energy, and phrasing. The movement consisted of task-oriented actions, emphasizing neutral performance and featuring no interaction with the audience. The dancer was to never make eye contact with her observers, and in the case that the movement required the dancer to face the audience, the eyes were to be averted from the audience or the head was to be involved in movement. Rainer sometimes included filmed sequences in her dances, and in the mid-1970s she began to turn her attention to film directing. Her early films do not follow narrative conventions, instead combining reality and fiction, sound and visuals, to address social and political issues. Rainer directed several experimental films about dance and performance, including Lives of Performers (1972), Film About a Woman Who (1974), and Kristina Talking Pictures (1976). Her later films include The Man Who Envied Women (1985), Privilege (1990), and MURDER and murder (1996). The last-mentioned work, more conventional in its narrative structure, is a lesbian love story as well as a reflection on urban life and on breast cancer, and it features Rainer herself. Elaine Summers was a founding member of the workshop-group that would form the Judson Dance Theater and significantly contributed to the interaction of film and dance, as well as the expansion of dance into other related disciplines, such as visual art, film, and theater. She furthermore fostered the expansion of performing dance in new, often outdoor locations. Her movement approach Kinetic Awareness offers a comprehensive perspective on human movement and dance. Summers was born in Perth, Australia and grew up in Boston, Massachusetts. She came to New York in the 1950s and became part of the workshop-group originally initiated by Robert Ellis Dunn that would later be referred to as the Judson Dance Theater in its second term 1962, together with a. o. Trisha Brown, Ruth Emerson, Fred Herko, Sally Gross, Edward Bhartonne, Carolee Schneemann, Gretchen MacLane, Deborah Hay, David Gordon, and Valda Setterfield. At Judson, Summers shared in the ongoing experiments with chance methods and pedestrian movement as part of the interest in expanding the then accepted methods of creating and performing dances. However she also embraced the more theatrical part of the collective. Summers expanded dance into other disciplines, experimental film, visual art, and body work. In the later phase of the Judson Dance Theater she created dances that would to work with the entire environment of the performance space. Summers worked intensively with film and its inclusion in live performance. This happened as early as in the first Judson Concert of Dance, when she went out to dance in the projection of her self-initiated chance-film Ouverture which she had made in collaboration with John Herbert McDowell and Eugene Friedman. Her learning of filmmaking and her experiments at Judson finally lead to her own intermedia presentation Fantastic Gardens in 1964, where she used the entire performance space, located the audience in several settings, bathed the whole space in film- and slide projections, and combined many works of music and sculpture with her own dances, many of them improvisational scores realized by the dancers.

How Does Arthur Conan Doyle Create Tension And Suspense In The Speckled

How Does Arthur Conan Doyle Create Tension And Suspense In The Speckled Band The Speckled Band is just one of the murder mystery stories featuring the famous detective, Sherlock Holmes. Holmes was not any ordinary detective, he was a detective who was famous for solving murders. In this case Holmes is trying to solve the mystery of the 'Speckled Band'. Some examples of tension building techniques are dramatic events and in some instances the inclusion of red herrings. Bad weather and night time are also used as a means of building up atmosphere and tension. The main setting is Dr Roylot's house in the middle of a wild, stormy night. This immediately creates a sense of uneasiness in the readers mind. In his description of the storm, Conan Doyle uses sounds to very good effect. He talks about the howling wind and the rain beating on the windows. This language has a double impact because the words `howling' and `beating' are onomatopoeic. In fact, all the way through the story, we see many examples of onomatopoeia. The feeling created is of watching a film with full sound effects. Conan Doyle's excellent skills in imagery are evident in his description of Julia on page 174. He uses vivid language, such as `state of agitation', `drawn and grey' and `restless, frightened eyes' to build up a terrifying picture of this woman in the reader's mind. However, no author can maintain tension levels at a height throughout the whole story. There need to be moments of calm - a lull in the storm, Conan Doyle achieves this contrast admirably in his description of the journey from Waterloo Station through the Surrey countryside. The language used here is soft and delicate creating a mood of calm and beauty. We see... ...e describes him by saying 'so tall his hat actually brushed the cross bar of the doorway†¦deep-set, bile-shot eyes, and his high thin, fleshless nose, gave him somewhat the resemblance of a fierce old bird of prey.' This first description of him gives us an impression that he is tall and somewhat eagle like. He is essential to help create suspense. Roylott is Helen and Julia Stoner's stepfather. He was a doctor and also had knowledge of exotic animals and owned a few too. '†¦ The doctor kept a cheetah and a baboon. We had no feeling of security until our doors were locked.' This shows he has a keen interest for animals. Roylott is violent and aggressive. Sherlock Holmes was also an important character in order to build up suspense. He was a detective and helped Helen Stoner to investigate the cause of her sister, Julia's death. He helped to create suspense.

Francisco Arcellana Essay

Francisco â€Å"Franz† Arcellana (September 6, 1916 – August 1, 2002) was a Filipino writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalistand teacher. He was born on September 20, 1916. Arcellana already had ambitions of becoming a writer during his years in the elementary. His actual writing, however, started when he became a member of The Torres Torch Organization during his high school years. Arcellana continued writing in various school papers at the University of the Philippines Diliman. He later on received a Rockfeller Grant and became a fellow in creative writing the University of Iowa and Breadloaf’s writers conference from 1956- 1957. He is considered an important progenitor of the modern Filipino short story in English. Arcellana pioneered the development of the short story as a lyrical prose-poetic form within Filipino literature. His works are now often taught in tertiary-level-syllabi in the Philippines. Many of his works were translated into Tagalog, Malaysia n, Russian, Italian, and German. Arcellana won 2nd place in 1951 Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature, with his short story, â€Å"The Flowers of May.† 14 of his short stories were also included in Jose Garcia Villa’s Honor Roll from 1928 to 1939. His major achievements included the first award in art criticism from the Art Association of the Philippines in 1954, the Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan award from the city government of Manila in 1981, and the Gawad Pambansang Alagad ni Balagtas for English fiction from the Unyon ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipino (UMPIL) in 1988. On April 2, 1989, the University of the Philippines conferred upon Arcellana a doctorate in humane letters, honoris causa. Francisco Arcellana was proclaimed National Artist of the Philippines in Literature on 23, 1990 by then Philippine President Corazon C. Aquino. In 2009, or seven years after his death, his family came out with a book to pay tribute to National Artist for Literature Arcellana. The book entitled, â€Å"Franz,† is a collection of essays gathered by the Arcellana family from colleagues, friends, students and family members, including f ellow National Artist Nick Joaquin, Butch Dalisay, Recah Trinidad, Jing Hidalgo,Gemino Abad, Romina Gonzalez, Edwin Cordevilla, Divina Aromin, Doreen Yu, Danton Remoto, Jose Esteban Arcellana and others. Arcellana is buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani. Arcellana died in 2002. As a National Artist, he received a state funeral at the Libingan ng mga Bayani. His grandson Liam Hertzsprung performed a piano concert in 2006 dedicated to him. Arcellana’s published books include: Selected Stories (1962) Poetry and Politics: The State of Original Writing in English in the Philippines Today (1977) The Francisco Arcellana Sampler (1990). References 1. Jump up^ Morales, Natalia M.L.M. A Haiku for Sir Franz, In Memoriam: Franz Arcellana, Philippine Daily Inquirer, Aug. 13, 2002, www.tinig.net 2. Jump up^ http://www.globalpinoy.com/gp.topics.v1/viewtopic.php?postid=4d880cceafad2&channelName=4d880cceafad2 3. Jump up^ http://www.philstar.com/headlines/170509/national-artist-arcellana-85 4. Jump up^ http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/org-awards/literature/francisco_arcellana.php 5. Jump up^ http://www.philstar.com/arts-and-culture/517127/regarding-franz-launch Biography of Francisco Arcellana Francisco â€Å"Franz† Arcellana (Zacarias Eugene Francisco Quino Arcellana) was a Filipino writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist and teacher. He was born in aka Frank V. Sta. Cruz, Manila. He is the fourth of 18 children of Jose Arcellana y Cabaneiro and Epifanio Quino. He was married to Emerenciana Yuvienco with whom he has six children, one of whom, Juaniyo is an essayist, poet and fictionist. He received his first schooling in Tondo. The idea of writing occurred to him at the Tondo Intermediate School but it was at the Manila West High School (later Torres High School) that he took up writing actively as staff member of The Torres Torch, the school organ. In 1932 Arcellana entered the University of the Philippines (UP) as a pre-medicine student and graduated in 1939 with a bachelor of philosophy in degree. In his junior year, mainly because of the publication of his  Ã¢â‚¬Å"trilogy of the turtles† in the Literary Apprentice, Arcellana was invited to join the UP Writers Club by Manuel Arguilla – who at that time was already a campus literary figure. In 1934, he edited and published Expression, a quarterly of experimental writing. It caught the attention of Jose Garcia Villa who started a correspondence with Arcellana. It also spawned the Veronicans, a group of 13 pre-WWII who rebelled against traditional forms and themes in Philippine literature. Arcellana went on to medical school after receiving his bachelor’s degree while holding jobs in Herald Midweek Magazine, where his weekly column â€Å"Art and Life† (later retitled â€Å"Life and Letters†) appeared, and in Philcross, the publication of the Philippine Red Cross. The war stopped his schooling. After the war, he continued working in media and publishing and began a career in the academe. He was manager of the International News Service and the editor of This Week. He joined the UP Department of English and Comparative Literature and served as adviser of the Philippine Collegian and director of the UP Creative Writing Center, 1979- 1982. Under a Rockefeller Foundation grant he became a fellow in creative writing, 1956- 1957, at the University of Iowa and Breadloaf Writers’ Conference. In 1932 Arcellana published his first story. â€Å"The Man Who Could Be Poe† in Graphic while still a student at Torres High School. The following year two of his short stories, â€Å"Death is a Factory† and â€Å"Lina,† were included in Jose Garcia Villa’s honor roll. During the 1930’s, which he calls his most productive period, he wrote his most significant stories including, â€Å"Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal† cited in 1938 by Villa as the year’s best. He also began writing poetry at this time, many of them appearing in Philippine Collegian, Graphic and Herald Midweek Magazine. He is considered an important progenitor of the modern Filipino short story in English. Arcellana pioneered the development of the short story as a lyrical prose-poetic form within Filipino literature. His works are now often taught in tertiary-level-syllabi in the Philippines. Some of his works have been translated into Tagalog, Malaysian, Italian,  German and Russian, and many have been anthologized. Two major collections of his works are: Selected Stories, 1962, and The Francisco Arcellana Sampler, 1990. He also edited the Philippine PEN Anthology of Short Stories, 1962, and Fifteen Stories: Story Masters 5, 1973. Arcellana credits Erskine Caldwell and Whit Burnett as influences. From 1928 to 1939, 14 of his short stories were included in Jose Garcia Villa’s honor roll. His short story â€Å"The Flowers of May† won second prize in 1951 Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Award for Literature. Another short story, â€Å"Wing of Madness,† placed second in the Philippines Free Press literary contest in 1953, He also received the first award in art criticism from the Art Association of the Philippines in 1954, the Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan award from the city government of Manila in 1981, and the Gawad Pambansang Alagad ni Balagtas for English fiction from the Unyon ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipino (UMPIL) in 1988. He was conferred a doctorate in humane letters, honoris causa, by the UP in 1989. He was proclaimed National Artist in Literature in 1990 – L.R. Lacuesta and R.C. Lucero Francisco Arcellana’s Works: Selected Stories (1962) Poetry and Politics: The State of Original Writing in English in the Philippines Today (1977) The Francisco Arcellana Sampler (1990).  This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia Francisco Arcellana; it is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the CC-BY-SA. Francisco Arcellana Si Francisco Arcellana ay makata, mangangatha, kritiko, peryodista at guro. Isa siya sa mga ninuno ng makabagong Filipinong maikling katha sa Ingles. Siya ang nanguna sa pagpapalawak ng maikling katha bilang matulaing anyo. Kaniyang ipinagkakapuri ang likhang-isip sapagkat naipapakita nito ang katotohanan at naipriprisinta ang realidad. Siya ay naging mapangahas sa pagtuklas ng mga anyo ng sanaysay upang maipahayag ang talas ng pakiramdam ng mga Filipino. Dahil sa galing ng kaniyang mga kamay sa pagsulat, ang kaniyang mga likha ay siya na ngayong ginagamit ng mga mag-aaral sa kolehiyo. Mga Aklat Selected Stories (1962) Poetry and Politics: The State of Original Writing in English in the Philippines Today (1977) The Francisco Arcellana Sampler (1990) Maikling Kuwento Frankie The Man Who Would Be Poe Death in a Factory Lina Divided by Two Tula The Other Woman This Being the Third Poem This Poem is for Mathilda To Touch You I Touched Her Sanggunian â€Å"Francisco Arcellana.† ncca (hinango noong 26 Oktubre 2007). â€Å"Ang akdang ito ay katiting [stub]. Tumulong sa Wikifilipino at palawakin pa ito !† Pagkilala Mga kategorya: Buhay at Sining Panitikan Tula Nobela Kasaysayang pampanitikan Manunulat Katiting THE MATS Uploaded on Oct 25, 2011 *The Mats is about the story of the Angeles family. Where in Mr. Angeles brought home gifts (the mats) for his children from a long work-vacation. The conflicts starts when Nana Emilia (her wife) notices that he even provide gifts for their already dead children. *the story shows the strong family ties of the Filipinos (the MATS on how it is weaved) This movie is a partial requirement of our LIT-101 (Phil.Lit) under Mam Kathleen Javillionar. from Group-THE MATS of BSA1g (2011-2012)

Bipolar Disorder And Mental Disorders - 1364 Words

Intro Bipolar disorder is an emotional instability checked by great movements in disposition going from a hyper to a depressive state. Bipolar disorder is additionally called bipolar disease or manic depression. Bipolar disorder oppresses 3 to 5% of the populace with inconvenient impact on life possibilities. People with Bipolar Disorder will face life span danger for mood shifts, including fatal consequences. â€Å"It is sixth most common cause of disability in the United States (Altman et al., 2006).† As demonstrated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition the two most basic sorts of Bipolar Disorder are bipolar I disorder (BDI) and bipolar II disorder. There are a wide range of symptoms and a few distinct†¦show more content†¦Poorer self-consideration may add to higher stoutness rates such as things like the absence of exercise, less medical care, and dull lifestyles. These medical conditions just fuel the anxiety, depression, and bat tles of the bipolar illness itself. â€Å"A high percent of bipolar disorder patients present with anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and substance abuse† (Leahy 2007). Each one of these comorbid disorders add to all the more adapting troubles. â€Å"Higher rates (19.4%) of bipolar disorder are found in patients with borderline personality disorder than among patients with other personality disorders† (Leahy 2007). According to Leahy’s article, â€Å"bipolar individuals with comorbid alcohol abuse will have higher rates of rapid cycling, symptom severity, suicidality, aggressively and impulsivity† (Leahy). Unfortunately bipolar disorder is generally misdiagnosed as unipolar depression. â€Å"Depending on the population, between 7% and 52% of patients diagnosed with unipolar depression actually have bipolar disorder† (Culpepper2015) and could possibly go unrecognized for a long time or more from manifestation onset to first treatment. One st udy reported that patients were misdiagnosed an ordinary of 3.5 times and had seen 4 specialists before being precisely analyzed. â€Å"In addition, 60% of misdiagnosed patients felt that doctors had an insufficient comprehension of bipolar disorder†(Culpepper2015). To confirm the determination of bipolar disorder,